Manejo de síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en pacientes con demencia en cuidados paliativos
Palabras clave:
Síntomas neuropsiquiátricos, agitación psicomotora, cuidados paliativos, delirium, trastornos neurocognitivosResumen
El tratamiento de los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en cuidados paliativos influye directamente en la calidad de vida del paciente. El objetivo del estudio es describir las recomendaciones actuales en el manejo de los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en cuidados paliativos. Se tomaron guías clínicas de los últimos 10 años, en bases de datos como Pubmed, TripDatabase y Google académico. Con una estrategia basada en términos Mesh/DecS y operadores booleanos. Se siguió la metodología PRISMA. Se analizaron 16 guías de prácticas clínicas sobre el manejo de los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos, en las que se observó que existen dos enfoques de tratamiento: no farmacológico y farmacológico. El primero incluye control de factores como deshidratación, dolor, hiponatremia o hipoglucemia, además del control del ambiente, exposición a la luz solar, y varias estrategias para lograr su relajación. El abordaje farmacológico implica usar psicotrópicos como el haloperidol, junto con benzodiacepinas, si no hay respuesta adecuada con el manejo no farmacológico. Se evidenció que el manejo adecuado de los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en cuidados paliativos se basa en una atención multidimensional que no solo se centra en la reducción de los síntomas físicos, sino que también considera el bienestar emocional y social del paciente y su familia.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Adriana Lisseth Escobar-Morillo, Diego Raúl Bonifaz-Díaz
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