Challenges in the early diagnosis of rheumatic fever in marginalized areas of Ecuador

Abstract

Rheumatic fever has constituted a multisystemic inflammatory disease that primarily affects children and adolescents in vulnerable communities in Ecuador. It has remained a persistent challenge for the public health system due to its high prevalence and severe complications, such as rheumatic heart disease. Therefore, this study analyzed the socioeconomic, healthcare, and cultural factors influencing the prevalence and management of rheumatic fever in Ecuador, while also proposing solutions aimed at prevention, timely diagnosis, and appropriate treatment to contribute to the improvement of public health in vulnerable communities. To achieve this, a descriptive and exploratory analysis was conducted, along with the analysis of clinical cases to determine the factors that promote the development of this condition. The results identified that overcrowding, poverty, limited access to medical care, and the lack of health education are the main barriers favoring the development of rheumatic fever. Additionally, it was observed that deficiencies in timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are due to limitations in healthcare personnel as well as medical resources. It was concluded that public health policies should be implemented to improve access to medical care and promote education about rheumatic fever, as well as the integration of socioeconomic, healthcare, and cultural factors into health strategies or proposals to reduce the disease's prevalence and improve the quality of life of affected individuals.