Ethical and social implications of palliative care

Abstract

Palliative care has been essential to ensure adequate medical care in the final phase of life, especially in Ecuador, where patients with terminal illnesses have faced ethical, legal and social challenges that have affected their well-being. Therefore, this study has analyzed these implications in order to promote dignified care that respects patient autonomy and contributes to improving their quality of life. To do so, a descriptive analysis of current legislation on patient rights was carried out. Furthermore, the economic and structural barriers that limit access to palliative care were evaluated and previous studies related to the topic of study in Ecuador were reviewed. The results indicated that the inadequacy of the health infrastructure, the lack of trained personnel and inequalities in the distribution of resources have hindered equitable access to quality palliative care. Likewise, it was shown that patients with greater economic resources had better opportunities to receive comprehensive care that guaranteed relief from suffering and respect for their decisions at the end of their lives. In conclusion, the need to strengthen hospital infrastructure and train health personnel was highlighted, as well as to promote inclusive public policies that ensure universal access to dignified palliative care, while respecting patient autonomy and their right to a death without suffering.