Biological therapy in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease secondary to rheumatoid arthritis: A literature review
Keywords:
Diffuse interstitial lung disease, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary fibrosis, biological therapy, diffuse interstitial lung diseaseAbstract
Diffuse interstitial lung diseases are heterogeneous diseases characterized by damage to the lung parenchyma in the interphase spaces, which produces acute, subacute or chronic lung lesions, as well as pulmonary fibrosis. These conditions include syndromes associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The diagnosis is based on the evaluation of signs, symptoms and functional parameters. RA, an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and lung damage, has led to evolution in treatments, highlighting biological therapies that improve quality of life and control disease progression. An electronic search of scientific articles was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Scielo and Medline, covering publications in English and Spanish from January 2018 to October 2024. Diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) in patients with RA is characterized due to the infiltration of immune cells and damage to lung tissue, with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis being one of the most common patterns. Patients usually present with symptoms such as dyspnea and cough. Early detection of this condition improves the prognosis, and an accurate diagnosis should establish RA as the cause of pneumonitis. In conclusion, biological therapy, which includes abatacept and rituximab, has demonstrated effectiveness in slowing RA-ILD, acting through the inhibition of inflammatory mediators, which stabilizes the condition of patients and improves both lung function and the quality of life.
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