Evaluation of criminological theories and risk factors in the prevention of juvenile delinquency in Ecuador
Keywords:
Juvenile delinquency, criminological theories, prevention, public policies, risk factorsAbstract
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of classical and contemporary criminological theories in preventing juvenile delinquency in Ecuador, with the goal of proposing evidence-based public policies. A mixed-methods approach was employed to identify risk factors and explore the applicability of criminological theories in the local context. The sample included 300 young people from Quito, Guayaquil, and Cuenca, as well as 30 experts in criminology, education, and social work. Data were collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and a documentary review. The results revealed that a dysfunctional family environment, low socioeconomic status, and exposure to criminal environments are key determinants of juvenile delinquency. Qualitative analysis highlighted the lack of inter-institutional coordination and the scarcity of resources as major barriers to effective policy implementation. The findings underscore the need to reform public policies to holistically address the risk factors associated with juvenile delinquency. Recommendations include prioritizing family strengthening, creating educational and employment opportunities, and adopting approaches tailored to local realities.
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