Cuidados de enfermería en pacientes con infección de herida quirúrgica post cirugía bariátrica: revisión sistemática

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Palabras clave:

Cirugía bariátrica, cuidados de enfermería, infección de la herida quirúrgica, intervenciones

Resumen

Las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) representan una complicación significativa en la cirugía bariátrica, con repercusiones directas en el pronóstico y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. El objetivo del estudio fue describir los cuidados de enfermería destinados a prevenir y tratar estas infecciones. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática bajo la normativa PRISMA, utilizando bases de datos internacionales y regionales como PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, ScienceDirect y Scielo, con términos MeSH y operadores booleanos, además de una evaluación crítica mediante la herramienta CASPe y una síntesis narrativa de los hallazgos. De los 932 artículos inicialmente identificados, se incluyeron 7 estudios que abordaron diversas intervenciones de enfermería, entre ellas la aplicación de paquetes de cuidados, guías específicas, modificaciones en el manejo de la herida durante el transoperatorio, como el uso de protectores, campos plásticos y calor local; así como técnicas quirúrgicas con grapas circulares y un compendio de acciones adaptadas a pacientes bariátricos. Seis de los estudios reportaron una reducción considerable en la incidencia de ISQ. En conclusión, las intervenciones estructuradas y guiadas demostraron efectividad en la prevención y control de infecciones, aunque la evidencia disponible sigue siendo limitada y se requieren nuevas investigaciones desde la perspectiva de enfermería para fortalecer las estrategias de cuidado en este ámbito.

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Citas

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Publicado

2025-10-01

Cómo citar

Veintimilla-Verdezoto, V. F. (2025). Cuidados de enfermería en pacientes con infección de herida quirúrgica post cirugía bariátrica: revisión sistemática. Revista UGC, 3(S3), 271–284. Recuperado a partir de https://universidadugc.edu.mx/ojs/index.php/rugc/article/view/250